Te Kaiārahi o te Ao! He Whakataki ki ngā Hangarau Hou o te Pokapū Whakamātautau Tukatuka Kohuke Magnetoelectric o Huate

Kaiārahi o te ao (1)

 

Kaiārahi o te ao (2)

I hangaia ngātahitia e te Huate Magnet Technology Company me te RWTH Aachen University o Tiamana te Taiwhanga Matua Sino-German mō te Rangahau me te Whakawhanaketanga Hangarau Painga Matauranga, kei roto i te tari matua o te Huate Magnet Technology Company, e hangahia ana te taiwhanga kia rite ki ngā paerewa taiwhanga ā-motu, ā, mā te whakaurunga o te hangarau mohio me te tātaritanga mohio o Tiamana, me te whakakotahitanga o te whakamahinga o ngā aukume superconducting me te whakamahinga tuku iho o te hangarau aukume, e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā ahumahi tukatuka me te tātaritanga kohuke o te ao, ki te whakarato i te aratohu pūtaiao, te whakaaturanga o te whakamahinga me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi tuara, me te whakangungu taranata tuara. I taua wā anō, e whakarato ana hoki i tētahi tūāpapa ratonga tūmatanui ngaio mō te National Magnetism Strategic Alliance me te National Metallurgical Mining Association.

Kaiārahi o te ao (3)

 

Ko te Pokapū Whakamātautau Tukatuka Kohuke Huate te "Taiwhanga Matua o te Hangarau me ngā Taputapu Taupānga Aukume o te Porowini o Shandong", te "Taiwhanga Matua o te Aukume me te Hangarau Tukatuka Kohuke Atamai o Haina me Tiamana", me te "Pūhara Ratonga Tūmatanui o te Hononga Rautaki Aukume ā-Motu", e kapi ana te pokapū i te rohe o te 8,600 mita pūrua, ā, e 120 ngā kairangahau whakamātautau wā-katoa me te wā-wāhanga, e 36 o rātou he taitara matua, neke atu rānei.

Kei roto, kei reira ngā wāhi keri kuru me te huri, ngā wāhi wehenga maroke, ngā wāhi whakamātautau rauemi pūngao hou, ngā wāhi wehenga arotau atamai, ngā wāhi wehenga mohio hihi-X, ngā wāhi wehenga aukume superconducting, ngā wāhi wehenga mākū, ngā wāhi kōwhiringa tonu maha-mahi, ngā wāhi wehenga pōturi me te kaha ā-papa, ngā wāhi whakamātautau rauemi, ngā wāhi whakamātautau hua hou, me ngā wāhi whakamātautau tukatuka paura. Neke atu i te 300 ngā huinga taputapu whakapai me ngā taputapu tātari me te whakamātautau ā mātou. He rite ki ngā whakaurunga pūnaha matatau pēnei i te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, te hauhautanga pokapū, te tango puehu kohu wai, me te tuku wai tohanga, ko tētahi o ngā taiwhanga ngaio nui rawa atu me te tino rite rawa mō te tukatuka me te wehenga kohuke i Haina.

Kaiārahi o te ao (4)

 

He maha ngā whakatutukitanga hangarau hou o te pokapū whakamātautau i roto i te hangarau tukatuka kohuke, te hangarau, te hoahoa me ngā taputapu kei te taumata rangatira o te ao. He whakawhitiwhiti hangarau me te mahi tahi me ngā umanga rangahau pūtaiao rongonui i te kāinga me tāwāhi, pērā i te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Aachen o Tiamana, Ahitereiria Te Whare Wānanga o Queensland, te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao Hainamana, ā, he mahi tahi me te Whare Wānanga o Northeastern, te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Beijing, te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Te Tai Tokerau o Haina, te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Wuhan, te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Shandong, te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Shandong, te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Jiangxi Suzhou Zhongcai Nonmetallic Mining Industrial Design and Research Institute, Jinjian Engineering Design Co., Ltd., Yantai Gold Institute, Xingsheng Mining me ētahi atu whare wānanga e hanga tahi ana i tētahi taiwhanga whakamātautau me tētahi turanga rangahau me te mahi whare wānanga ahumahi. Mā te rangahau pūtaiao me ngā whakamātautau mō te tātari mohio, te hangarau wehenga aukume superconducting, te aukume tuturu me te wehenga aukume me te hangarau tono hangarua, ka whakaratohia e mātou he ratonga hangarau pūtaiao me te whānui mō te umanga keri, tae atu ki ngā tukanga painga, ngā whakamātautau, me te hoahoa. I whakatairangahia, i whakamahia hoki i roto i ētahi rōpū keri rongonui o te motu me te ao, e whakaoti ana i ngā raruraru hangarau matua maha i roto i te umanga, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga hauora o ngā keri matomato me te atamai.

Te wāhi huri kuru

Kaiārahi o te ao (5)

Kaiārahi o te ao (6)

Kaiārahi o te ao (7)

Ko ngā taputapu kuru ko te mīhini kuru kauae, te mīhini kuru roera, te mīhini kuru hama, te mira kōpae, te mira roera pēhanga teitei, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā taputapu huri ko te mira pōro maitai, te mira pōro uku, te mira tokotoko me ētahi atu. Ko te kaupapa matua o ngā taputapu kuru me te huri ko te kuru me te huri i ngā konganuku nui ki te rahi e tika ana.

Te wāhi wehewehe tukatuka maroke

He maha ngā taputapu whakapai maroke e rite ana ki ngā aukume hikohiko me ngā aukume tuturu, kei roto i te wehewehe aukume maroke aukume tuturu te wehewehe paura CTF, te wehewehe aukume porotaka CXJ, te wehewehe maroke papatipu CTDG, te wehewehe paura hau FX, te wehewehe aukume hurihuri aukume kaha CFLJ, me ētahi atu taputapu wehewehe aukume, me te kaha o te papa aukume mai i te 800G ki te 12000G. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te whakakakahu me te whakakore i ngā paru o ngā kohuke konganuku pango pērā i te magnetite, te rino waikura, te ilmenite, me te manganese i raro i ngā āhuatanga rahi matūriki, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te kohatu kua tohua me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa pērā i te kawe, te huri, me te whakapai. Ko te wehewehe aukume maroke hau paura he āhuatanga o ngā pou aukume maha, te koki takai nui, te kaha o te papa teitei, te whakaoho aukume, te taputapu mana hau, te whakahaere tere huri auau, me ētahi atu. He pai mō te wehenga me te whakaora i te magnetite pai me te para maitai i ngā rohe maroke me te makariri. I taua wā anō, he taputapu tango puehu kohu wai matatau hei whakarite i te taiao ma, kia pai hoki.

Kaiārahi o te ao (8)

 

Kaiārahi o te ao (9)

 

Kaiārahi o te ao (10)

 

Te wāhi whakamātautau rauemi pūngao hou

Kaiārahi o te ao (11)

Ko te tango rino hikohiko paura maroke te nuinga o ngā mea he koiri whakaoho, he taputapu tango rino aunoa, he wāhanga whakarōpū, he whatanga, he pūnaha whakamatao, he hongere tuku rauemi, me ētahi atu wāhanga. E whakamahia ana hei tango i ngā matū aukume mai i ngā rauemi pēnei i te pākahiko lithium, te quartz tino parakore, te pango waro, te karāpeti, ngā aukati mura, ngā paura whakakanapa kai onge, ngā tae, me ētahi atu.

Kei te piki haere te kounga o ngā rauemi pākahiko lithium. I runga i te hangarau me te wheako angitu i roto i ngā mara e pā ana, kua whakapai ake tā mātou kamupene i ngā taputapu taketake, ā, kua hangaia he raupapa hou o ngā mea whakakore i te wiri paura maroke hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tuturu o ngā kiritaki..

I runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā rauemi, ka hangaia he hanganga ara iahiko aukume whaitake hei whakarite i te kaha o te papa aukume i roto i te rūma whakarōpū. Mā te hono atu ki ngā rauemi āhua-rākau, ā-whatuwhatu, me te mata e tika ana mō ngā rauemi rerekē, ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te kaha tango rauemi aukume anake, engari ka tino whakapai ake hoki i te pai o te whakaputa. He roa te rūma whakarōpū papa aukume, ā, he teitei te kaha o te papa papamuri, tae atu ki te 6000Gs. He pai te pānga tango rino, ā, he taputapu matua mō te tango me te purenga rino o ngā rauemi pākahiko lithium me te quartz tino parakore.

Rohe whakarōpū pūoko atamai

He pūnaha mohio me te tātari hihi-X, tata-infrared, me te optoelectronic te mea tino pai o te ao, i whakawhanakehia tahitia me te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Aachen i Tiamana, ā, ka taea te tango i ngā āhuatanga o te mata me te roto o te konganuku i te tere tino tere. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā hangarau o nāianei me te hangarau Ahumahi 4.0 matatau mohio o Tiamana, ka whakatauhia te raruraru o te wehenga maroke me te whakakorenga para o te konganuku, ā, ka whakakīia te āputa o te whare. Kei tēnei wāhi whakamātautau he raina whakaputa whakamātautau tātari ahumahi, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā konganuku mai i te 1-300mm. Ko tana kaupapa mahi ko te tautuhi takitahi i ngā konganuku katoa ina haere mā roto i ngā pūoko, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga kua tautuhia ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere rorohiko hei tātari me te whakataurite. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā tohutohu tātari ki te tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei, ā, ka wehea ngā kohuke whai hua me ngā toka para mā roto i te pūnaha pupuhi hei whakatutuki i te mahi o te whiriwhiringa-mua me te whakakorenga para. Ko te hiranga o tēnei tikanga ahumahi hei whakakapi i te kōwhiringa ā-ringa, hei whakaiti i te kaha o te mahi, hei maka atu i ngā toka para i roto i te konganuku, hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te konganuku i mua i te huri, hei whakaiti i ngā utu huri, hei whakaiti i te hanga o ngā para pai i muri i te huri, hei whakaiti i ngā rahui para, ā, hei whakaiti i te pēhanga taiao e kawea mai ana e ngā para..

Rohe whakarōpū mohio hihi-X

Kaiārahi o te ao (12)

Ko te mīhini tātari atamai HTRX he taputapu tātari atamai maha-kaupapa i whakawhanakehia motuhaketia e tā mātou kamupene. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā tikanga mōhio atamai hei whakatū tauira tātari e rite ana mō ngā āhuatanga kohuke rerekē. Mā te tātari raraunga nui, ka mamatihia te tautuhi i ngā kohuke me te gangue, ā, i te mutunga ka tukuna te gangue mā te pūnaha pupuhi atamai. Ka taea te whakamahi whānui i te mīhini tātari atamai HTRX mō te whai hua o ngā kohuke aukume ngoikore pērā i te koura, te whenua onge, te tungsten, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te wehenga o te waro me te gangue, tae atu ki te wehenga o te karāhe me ngā konganuku para.

Rohe whakamātautau wehenga aukume superconducting

Kaiārahi o te ao (13)

Kaiārahi o te ao (14)

Ko te wehenga aukume superconducting pāmahana-iti tētahi o ngā taputapu wehenga aukume he kaha teitei te papa aukume o te ao i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga tahi a Huate me te Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ko te kaha mōrahi o te papa aukume o te wehenga aukume electromagnetic tuku iho he 1.8 Tesla anake, ā, ka taea e te wehenga aukume superconducting pāmahana-iti te eke ki te 8.0 Tesla. Kua whakamahia mō te tango me te purenga o ngā kohuke paura pai kore-whakarewa, ngā rauemi aukume ngoikore, te tātaritanga o ngā konganuku whakarewa onge mō te tukatuka, me ētahi atu ahumahi, ā, kua tutuki ngā hua whakamātautau me ngā tono ahumahi pai.

Te wāhi whakamātautau wehewehe mākū

Kei reira ngā rohe wehenga aukume, ngā rohe wehenga ā-papa, ngā rohe whakatārewatanga, ngā rohe maroke, me ngā rohe whakamaroke. I konei, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau iti o ngā kohuke mā te mīhini kotahi hei whakatau i te āheinga horoi o te konganuku me te tūhura i ngā tikanga whakapai ake.

Kaiārahi o te ao (15)

 

Hua pateni JCTKo te wehewehe aukume mō te whakamahine me te whakaiti i te paru N e whakamahi ana i ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā pou aukume maha, te koki takai nui, te huri whakamuri, me te wai horoi maha-wāhanga. He pai mō te purenga, te tango paru, me te kukū o te aukume pai-kikokiko, ka taea te whakapai ake i te taumata o te kukū rino me te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te rino aukume i roto i ngā paru.

Kaiārahi o te ao (16)

Ko ngā taputapu wehewehe aukume mākū aukume tuturu ko te nuinga o ngā mea ko te wehewehe aukume porotaka cTB, te wehewehe huri-mua cTY, te wehewehe aukume roera aukume mākū kaha SGT, te wehewehe aukume pereti sGB, te wehewehe aukume whakapai me te whakaiti para JcTN, me te kaha o te papa aukume mai i te 600G ki te 11000G. Ko te nuinga e aro ana ki ngā kohuke aukume reo ki te ngoikore pērā i te magnetite, te magnetite vanadium titanium, te pyrrhotite, te hematite, te limonite, te konganuku manganese, te ilmenite, te chromite, te karāneti, te biotite, te konganuku niobium tantalum, te tourmaline, me ētahi atu..

Kaiārahi o te ao (17)

 

Ko te hua kua patenttia, he wehewehe aukume whakarara teitei, he mea whakamahi i te hangarau whakamatao hiato hinu-wai matatau, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te papa aukume teitei, te pikinga pāmahana koiri whakarara iti, te pupuhi tokotoko waenga-waenga kawe aukume teitei, me te pirau wera papa aukume iti. He pai mō te whakamahi mākū i ngā kohuke konganuku ngoikore te aukume pērā i te rino kua waikurahia, te konupūmā, te chromite, me te rino titanium me te diameter o te -1.2mm, tae atu ki te hematite pai-kiko, te rino parauri, te siderite, me te rino specular. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te tango rino me te purenga o ngā kohuke konganuku pērā i te quartz, te feldspar, te kaolin, te spodumene, te fluorite bauxite, me ētahi atu..

Kaiārahi o te ao (18)

 

He āhuatanga ahurei tō te wehewehe aukume whakarara teitei o te paru hikohiko, pērā i te hoahoa koiri hikohiko, te whakamatao hiato hinu-wai, te reo kawe aukume teitei, te whakahaere kaupapa aunoa, me te whakarara aukume nui. He pai mō te tango me te purenga o ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa, ngā rauemi rānei pērā i te quartz, te feldspar, te kaolin, me ētahi atu, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te maimoatanga wai para i roto i ngā tipu maitai me ngā tipu hiko..

Kaiārahi o te ao (19)

 

Pūhara kōwhiringa maha-mahi

Kua tāutahia he pūnaha raina whakaputa whakamātautau maha-mahi ki runga i tētahi papa hanganga maitai nui hei whakatauira i te āhua mahi o te raina whakaputa ahumahi o tētahi tipu whakapai mākū. Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau whakapai ā-ahumahi ki ngā kohuke puta noa i te tukanga huri, te whakarōpūtanga, te whakapai, me te whakamaroke. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā mīhini whakamātautau rerekē i roto i tētahi whirihoranga whānui, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā tukanga wehewehe kohuke rerekē. Me whakarite i te pono me te pumau o ngā raraunga whakamātautau mā roto i tēnei whakamātautau pūnaha puta noa i te tukanga katoa..

Kei roto i te tūāpapa whakapai tonu ā-ahumahi te konganuku kore-whakarewa, te konganuku rino, me te whakapai tonu o te konganuku kore-whakarewa. Kei roto i ngā taputapu matua ngā mira pōro, ngā mira tokotoko, ngā mira pourewa, ngā awhiowhio, ngā mata wiri toru-ahu, ngā oko tango paru, ngā wehewehe aukume porotaka, ngā wehewehe aukume whakamahine me te whakaiti para, ngā wehewehe aukume pereti, ngā wehewehe aukume porowhita teitei porowhita me te paru hikohiko, ngā wehewehe pōtakataka, ngā awa porowhita, ngā mata whakamaroke wiri, ngā tātari kōpae matotoru kōne hohonu, me ētahi atu whakaurunga pūnaha mō te huri, te whakarōpūtanga wehenga aukume ngoikore, te wehenga taumaha aukume kaha, te maroke, te kukū, me te tātari pēhanga. Ka taea e ngā raraunga whakamātautau whakapai katoa te whakarato i te pūtake hangarau pūtaiao me te whaitake mō ngā tipu whakapai..

Kaiārahi o te ao (20)

 

Te wehenga o te mānu me te kaha ā-paparohe

Kaiārahi o te ao (21)

Kei roto i ngā taputapu wehewehe taumaha he rūrū, he centrifuge, he cyclone, he corrugation porowhita, he concentrator porowhita, me ētahi atu. He pai mō te wehewehe i ngā kohuke konganuku taumaha pērā i te rino titanium, te rutile, te chromium rino tungsten ore, me te purenga o ngā kohuke kore-konganuku pērā i te quartz me te feldspar. Ka taea e te wehenga aukume me te wehenga taumaha te whakapai ake i te pānga o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā hua.

Kaiārahi o te ao (22)

 

Kei roto i ngā taputapu whakapūmau he pūtau whakapūmau iri XFD me te mīhini whakapūmau tonu 24L, e tika ana mō te whakangawari i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous pērā i te koura, te hiriwa, te parahi, te mata, te konutea, te tungsten, te cobalt molybdenum, te whenua onge, me te whakapūmau whakamuri o ngā kohuke pērā i te quartz me te rino hei tango i ngā poke..

Kaiārahi o te ao (23)

 

Te wāhi whakamātautau mō te tukatuka paura

Ko ngā taputapu huri me te whakarōpūtanga tino pai mō te paura he āhuatanga o te tiaki ātete-mau tino parakore, te hoahoa tango puehu pūtaiao, te whirihoranga kua arotauhia me te whakaiti i te kai, te whakahaere aunoa, te rahi matūriki huri tino pai, me te pai o te whakarōpūtanga rere hau. He pai mō te huri me te whakarōpūtanga tino pai o ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa pēnei i te calcite, te limestone, te barite, te gypsum, te quartz, te feldspar, te mullite, te illite, te pyrophyllite, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te tukatuka i ngā paura tino pai pēnei i te sima me ngā rauemi rongoā..

Kaiārahi o te ao (24)

 

Ētahi atu wāhanga tautoko

He wāhi kohikohi me te rokiroki tauira kohuke, he wāhi whakaatu tauira kohuke mai i te ao katoa, he papa whakahaere, me ētahi atu..

Kaiārahi o te ao (25)

 

Kaiārahi o te ao (26)

 

Kaiārahi o te ao (27)

 

Ka whakaratohia e te pokapū whakamātautau te whakarōpūtanga me te purenga o ngā momo konganuku rino, ngā konganuku kore-rino, ngā konganuku utu nui, me ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa mō ngā umanga keri me ngā whare rangahau; Ka whakarato i te aratohu hangarau whaihua mō te hanganga o tētahi hangarau whakamahinga whānui mō ngā rauemi tuarua pērā i ngā paru ahumahi, ngā paru, me ngā para whakarewa i roto i ngā whakamātautau whakapakari uaua me te uaua me te whakapakari konganuku maha pērā i te aukume, te kaha ā-papa, te whakapakari whakakotahi me te whakapakari tonu ā-ahumahi..

Kaiārahi o te ao (28)

 

I whakatūria a Shandong Huate Magnet Technology Co., Ltd. i te tau 1993 (waehere hea: 831387). He toa hanga motu te kamupene, he hinonga "rahi iti" motuhake, kua whakatikatikaina, me te matua hou, he hinonga auaha motu, he hinonga hangarau teitei matua motu, he hinonga whakaaturanga taonga hinengaro motu, me te hinonga matua i roto i te Linqu Magnetoelectronics Equipment Characteristic Industry Base. Ko ia hoki te heamana o te National Magnetoelectronics and Low Temperature Superconductivity Application Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, te heamana tuarua o te China Heamana Wāhanga o te China Heamana Taumaha Machinery Industry Association. Kei a mātou ngā papaaho rangahau me te whanaketanga pēnei i ngā teihana mahi rangahau postdoctoral motu, ngā teihana mahi mātauranga whānui, ngā taiwhanga matua ā-rohe mō te hangarau me ngā taputapu tono aukume, me ngā pokapū hangarau miihini aukume ā-rohe. Ko te rohe katoa he 270000 mita tapawha, me te whakapaipai rēhita neke atu i te 110 miriona yuan, Me te neke atu i te 800 ngā kaimahi, ko tētahi o ngā turanga hanga me te hanga ngaio nui rawa atu mō ngā taputapu tono aukume i Haina. He tohunga mātou ki te hanga i ngā taputapu whakaahua aukume hauora superconducting, ngā aukume tuturu, ngā wehewehe aukume superconducting electromagnetic me te pāmahana-iti, ngā tango rino, me ngā huinga taputapu keri katoa. Kei roto i tā mātou whānuitanga ratonga ko ngā pākahiko lithium, ngā rauemi pūngao hou photovoltaic, ngā maina, te waro, te hiko, te whakarewa, ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, me ngā mara hauora. Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā ratonga kirimana whānui EPC+M&O mō ngā raina whakaputa keri, ā, ka hokona ā mātou hua ki te 30 whenua tae atu ki Ahitereiria, Tiamana, Brazil, Īnia, me Awherika ki te Tonga..

Kaiārahi o te ao (29)

 

Neke atu i te 1800 mita pūrua te rahi o te Shandong Hengbiao Inspection and Testing Co., Ltd., ā, neke atu i te 600 ngā rawa pumau. E 25 ngā kaimahi tirotiro me te whakamātautau ngaio me ngā taitara ngaio matua, me te 10 ngā tohunga taiwhanga. He kamupene rongonui ā-motu e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga tirotiro me te whakamātautau ngaio, te tohutohu hangarau mōhiohio, te mātauranga me te whakangungu mō ngā ahumahi mekameka e pā ana ki te keri me te rauemi whakarewa. Ko ngā ratonga tūmatanui ka taea te tango i te kawenga ture motuhake, e whakahaere ana, e whakarato ana hoki i ngā ratonga i runga anō i te cNAS-CL01:2018 (Ngā Paerewa Whakamana mō ngā Taiwhanga Whakamātautau me te Whakatikatika). Kei roto ko te rūma tātari matū, he rūma tātari taputapu, he rūma whakamātautau rauemi, me te rūma whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana. Neke atu i te 200 ā mātou taputapu me ngā taputapu matua, tae atu ki te ine ira-X hihi-X Thermo Fisher, te ine ira mimiti ngota, te ine ira tuku plasma, te tātari whanariki waro, te mīhini whakamātautau ine ira pānui tika, te mīhini whakamātautau ao, me ētahi atu..

Kei roto i te whānuitanga o te kimi ko te tātari matū huānga o ngā kohuke kore-whakarewa (quartz, feldspar, kaolin, mika, fluorite, me ētahi atu) me ngā kohuke whakarewa (rino, manganese, chromium titanium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, mata, konutea, nikara, koura, hiriwa, ngā kohuke whenua onge, me ētahi atu), tae atu ki te whakamātautau mahi rauemi me te tinana o te kowiri tira, te maitai waro, te parahi, te konumohe, me ētahi atu rauemi whakarewa.

Kaiārahi o te ao (30)

 


Wā tuku: Hepetema-05-2023