He rauemi kohuke kore-whakarewa te kaolin, he mea nui hoki ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki, i roto i ngā mahi uku, te hanga pepa, te rapa, te kirihou, ngā mea whakakā, te whakamahine hinu me ētahi atu mara hangarau hou o te ahumahi, o te ahuwhenua me te tiaki whenua. Ko te mā o te kaolin he tohu nui mō tōna uara tono.
Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mā o te kaolin
He momo uku pai te kaolin, he toka uku rānei, he mea hanga nui mai i ngā kohuke kaolinite. Ko tōna tauira matū tioata ko 2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. Ko ētahi o ngā kohuke ehara i te uku ko te quartz, te feldspar, ngā kohuke rino, te titanium, te konumohe hauwai me ngā waikura, ngā mea rauropi, me ētahi atu.
Hanganga tioata o te kaolin
E ai ki te āhua me te āhua o ngā poke i roto i te kaolin, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā poke e whakaiti ana i te mā o te kaolin ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te waro waro; ngā huānga tae, pērā i te Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, me ētahi atu; ngā kohuke pouri, pērā i te biotite, chlorite, me ētahi atu. I te nuinga o te wā, he iti te nui o te V, Cr, Cu, Mn me ētahi atu huānga i roto i te kaolin, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki te mā. Ko te hanganga kohuke me te nui o te rino me te titanium ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te mā o te kaolin. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa iho tō rātou noho ki te mā tūturu o te kaolin, engari ka pā anō hoki ki tōna mā kua whakapūkaratia. Ina koa, he pānga kino te noho o te waikura rino ki te tae o te uku, ā, ka whakaiti i tōna kanapa me tōna ātete ahi. Ahakoa he 0.4% te nui o te waikura, te hauwai me te waikura waikura o te waikura rino, he nui hei hoatu i te tae whero ki te kōwhai o te paru uku. Ko ēnei waikura rino me ngā hauwaiwai he hematite (whero), he maghemite (whero-parauri), he goethite (kōwhai parauri), he limonite (karaka), he waikura rino waikura (whero parauri), me ētahi atu. Ka taea te kī he mea tino nui te tango i ngā poke rino i roto i te kaolin hei whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te kaolin.
Te āhua o te putanga mai o te huānga rino
Ko te āhua o te rino i roto i te kaolin te mea matua e whakatau ana i te tikanga tango rino. He maha ngā rangahau e whakapono ana ka konatunatua te rino tioata i roto i te āhua o ngā matūriki angiangi ki roto i te kaolin, ko te rino kore āhua ka pania ki runga i te mata o ngā matūriki angiangi o te kaolin. I tēnei wā, e rua ngā momo o te āhua o te rino i roto i te kaolin i te kāinga me tāwāhi: ko tētahi kei roto i te kaolinite me ngā kohuke tāpiri (pērā i te mika, te hauhā titanium me te illite), e kiia ana ko te rino hanganga; ko tētahi kei roto i te āhua o ngā kohuke rino motuhake, e kiia ana ko te rino kore utu (tae atu ki te rino mata, te rino tioata pai-kiko me te rino kore āhua).
Ko te rino e tangohia ana mā te tango rino me te whakama i te kaolin he rino kore utu, ko te nuinga kei roto ko te magnetite, te hematite, te limonite, te siderite, te pyrite, te ilmenite, te jarosite me ētahi atu kohuke; Ko te nuinga o te rino kei roto i te ahua o te limonite colloidal tino marara, me te iti i roto i te ahua o te goethite me te hematite porowhita, acicular me te irregular.
Te tikanga tango rino me te whakama o te kaolin
Te wehenga wai
Ko te tikanga matua o tēnei tikanga ko te tango i ngā kohuke para pēnei i te quartz, te feldspar me te mika, me ngā paru matotoru pēnei i te para toka, me ētahi kohuke rino me te titanium. Kāore e taea te tango i ngā kohuke paru he rite te matotoru me te wairewa ki te kaolin, ā, kāore i te tino kitea te whakapainga o te mā, he mea pai mō te whakapai ake me te whakama o te konganuku kaolin kounga teitei.
Wehenga aukume
Ko ngā poke o ngā kohuke rino i roto i te kaolin he aukume ngoikore te nuinga. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga wehenga aukume kaha teitei te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana, ko ngā kohuke aukume ngoikore rānei ka hurihia hei waikura rino aukume kaha i muri i te tunu, kātahi ka tangohia mā te tikanga wehenga aukume noa.
Wehewehe aukume whakarara teitei mowhiti poutū
Wehewehe aukume whakarara teitei mō te paru aukume
Wehewehe aukume superconducting pāmahana iti
Tikanga whakamānu
Kua whakamahia te tikanga whakapūmau hei rongoā i te kaolin mai i ngā putunga tuatahi me ngā putunga tuarua. I roto i te tukanga whakapūmau, ka wehea ngā matūriki kaolinite me te mika, ā, ko ngā hua kua purea he maha ngā rauemi mata e tika ana mō te taumata ahumahi. Ko te wehenga whakapūmau whiriwhiri o te kaolinite me te feldspar ka mahia i roto i te paru me te pH kua whakahaeretia.
Tikanga whakaiti
Ko te tikanga whakaiti ko te whakamahi i tētahi matū whakaiti hei whakaiti i ngā poke rino (pērā i te hematite me te limonite) i roto i te āhua trivalent o te kaolin hei iona rino bivalent wairewa, ka tangohia mā te tātari me te horoi. Ko te tango i ngā poke Fe3+ mai i te kaolin ahumahi ka tutukihia mā te whakakotahi i te hangarau ā-tinana (te wehenga aukume, te flocculation whiriwhiri) me te maimoatanga matū i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, whakaiti rānei.
He whai hua te konutai hauwaihāriki (Na2S2O4), e mōhiotia ana ko te konutai hauwaihāriki, ki te whakaiti me te tango i te rino mai i te kaolin, ā, e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā i roto i te umanga kaolin. Heoi, me whakahaere tēnei tikanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa kaha (pH<3), ka hua ake he utu whakahaere nui me te pānga ki te taiao. Hei tāpiri, he kore pumau ngā āhuatanga matū o te konutai hauwaihāriki, e hiahia ana ki ngā whakaritenga rokiroki me te kawe motuhake me te utu nui.
Ko te hauhā tiourea: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) he matū whakaiti kaha, he pai ki te taiao, he iti te tere pirau, he haumaru, he iti hoki te utu o te whakaputa puranga. Ka taea te whakaheke i te Fe3+ kore-rewa i roto i te kaolin ki te Fe2+ wairewa mā te TD.
I muri mai, ka taea te whakanui ake i te mā o te kaolin i muri i te tātari me te horoi. He tino pumau te TD i te pāmahana rūma me ngā āhuatanga kūpapa. Ka taea anake te whiwhi i te kaha whakaiti kaha o te TD i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te kawakore kaha (pH>10) te whakamahana rānei (T>70 ° C), ka hua ake he utu whakahaere nui me te uaua.
Tikanga whakahāora
Ko te maimoatanga waikura ko te whakamahi i te ozone, te hauwai peroxide, te pāhare pākawa me te konutai hypochlorite hei tango i te paparanga waro kua mimitihia hei whakapai ake i te mā. He hina te kaolin i te wāhi hohonu i raro i te taupoki matotoru, ā, kei roto te rino i roto i te kaolin i te āhua whakaiti. Whakamahia ngā matū waikura kaha pērā i te ozone, te konutai hypochlorite rānei hei waikura i te FeS2 kore-rewa i roto i te pyrite hei Fe2+ waikura, kātahi ka horoia hei tango i te Fe2+ mai i te pūnaha.
Tikanga tātā waikawa
Ko te tikanga tango waikawa he huri i ngā paru rino kore-rewa i roto i te kaolin hei matū wairewa i roto i ngā otinga waikawa (waikawa hauwaiora, waikawa whanariki, waikawa oxalic, me ētahi atu), ā, ka tutuki te wehenga mai i te kaolin. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu waikawa rauropi, ko te waikawa oxalic te mea tino whai hua nā te mea he kaha waikawa, he pai te āhuatanga whakakotahi me te kaha whakaiti teitei. Mā te waikawa oxalic, ka taea te whakapūtā te rino rewa mai i te otinga tango hei oxalate ferrous, ā, ka taea te tukatuka anō hei hanga hematite parakore mā te whakapūtā. Ka taea te tiki i te waikawa oxalic i te utu iti mai i ētahi atu tukanga ahumahi, ā, i te wā tahunga o te hanga uku, ka pakaru te oxalate toenga i roto i te rauemi kua tukatukahia hei hauhā waro. He maha ngā kairangahau kua ako i ngā hua o te whakarewa i te waikura rino me te waikawa oxalic.
Tikanga whakapūkara pāmahana teitei
Ko te whakapūkara he tukanga whakaputa hua kaolin motuhake. E ai ki te pāmahana tukatuka, e rua ngā momo kaolin kua whakapūkarahia ka puta. Mā te whakapūkara i te awhe pāmahana o te 650-700 ℃ ka tangohia te rōpū hydroxyl hanganga, ā, mā te mamaoa wai e mawhiti ana ka whakanui ake i te ngāwari me te mārama o te kaolin, he āhuatanga pai tēnei mō te paninga pepa. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahana i te kaolin i te 1000-1050 ℃, e kore e taea anake te whakanui ake i te ngawari o te kiri, engari ka whiwhi hoki i te 92-95% te mā.
Te whakapūkara i te whakakōkōwai
I tangohia te rino me te titanium mai i ngā kohuke uku, inā koa te kaolin mā te whakakōroira, ā, i puta he hua pai. I roto i te tukanga whakakōroira me te whakapūkara, i te pāmahana teitei (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), kua whakakorehia te waikawa o te kaolinite hei hanga i te metakaolinite, ā, i te pāmahana teitei ake, ka hangaia ngā āhua spinel me te mullite. Mā ēnei panonitanga ka whakanui ake i te ātete wai, te pakeke me te rahi o ngā matūriki mā te whakakī. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kohuke i tukatukahia i tēnei ara i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, pērā i te pepa, te PVC, te rapa, te kirihou, te piri, te whakakanapa me te paraihe niho. Nā te ātete wai teitei ake ka pai ake te hototahi o ēnei kohuke ki ngā pūnaha rauropi.
Tikanga moroiti
He kaupapa tukatuka kohuke hou te hangarau purenga moroiti o ngā kohuke, tae atu ki te hangarau tango moroiti me te hangarau whakamānu moroiti. Ko te hangarau tango moroiti o ngā kohuke he hangarau tango e whakamahi ana i te taunekeneke hohonu i waenga i ngā moroiti me ngā kohuke hei whakangaro i te whatunga tioata o ngā kohuke me te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga whai hua. Ka taea te pure i te pyrite waikura me ētahi atu konganuku sulfide kei roto i te kaolin mā te hangarau tango moroiti. Ko ngā moroiti e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te Thiobacillus ferrooxidans me ngā huakita whakaiti-Fe. He iti te utu o te tikanga moroiti me te iti o te parahanga taiao, e kore e pā ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te kaolin. He tikanga purenga me te whakama hou me ngā tumanakohanga whanaketanga mō ngā kohuke kaolin.
Whakarāpopototanga
Me whiriwhiri te tikanga pai rawa atu mō te tango rino me te whakama i te kaolin kia rite ki ngā take tae rerekē me ngā whāinga whakamahinga rerekē, kia pai ake ai te mahi mā o ngā kohuke kaolin, kia nui ai te uara whakamahi me te uara ōhanga. Ko te ia whanaketanga ā muri ake nei me whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga o te tikanga matū, te tikanga ā-tinana me te tikanga moroiti i roto i te taiao, kia tino kitea ai ō rātou painga me te whakaiti i ō rātou ngoikoretanga me ō rātou ngoikoretanga, kia pai ake ai te pānga whakama. I taua wā anō, me ako anō hoki i te tikanga hou o ngā tikanga tango poke me te whakapai ake i te tukanga kia whanake ai te tango rino me te whakama o te kaolin ki te huarahi matomato, whai hua me te iti o te waro.
Wā tuku: Maehe-02-2023